Translation into Spanish and proposal to modify the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) version 12

OBJECTIVE: To publish the Spanish translation of version 12 of the sports injury classification system called Orchard Sports Injury Classification System and propose a modification to include a numerical code which reflects the impact of the injury on sports functionality. METHOD: The members of the working group on the epidemiology of sports injury, of the Group for the Study of the Muscle-Tendon System (GESMUTE), and of the Spanish Society of Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), carried out a bibliographical review on the epidemiological classification systems of injuries, three face-to-face consensus meetings and various online pieces of work, following the DELPHI work methodology. RESULTS: The Spanish translation of version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System is fully accessible and free of charge at: https://gesmute.es/traduccion-espanola-osics-12/The current project proposes to add, at the end of the current coding system of version 12, a numerical code (0: No Functional impairment; 1: Limits Sports Activity; 2: Prevents Sports Activity; 3: Limits Daily Life Activities), to indicate any functional repercussions caused by the injury. CONCLUSIONS: We present the Spanish translation of version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System. We propose as an improvement the inclusion of functionality criteria in sports injury classifications; more specifically, our proposal could be an improvement to the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System version 12

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Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS) and the Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS): revised 2020 consensus versions.

Coding in sports medicine generally uses sports-specific coding systems rather than the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), because of superior applicability to the profile of injury and illness presentations in sport. New categories for coding were agreed on in the 'International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement: Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports 2020.' We explain the process for determining the new categories and update both the Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS) and the Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) with new versions that operationalise the new consensus categories. The author group included members from an expert group attending the IOC consensus conference. The primary authors of the SMDCS (WM) and OSIICS (JO) produced new versions that were then agreed on by the remaining authors using expert consensus methodology. The SMDCS and OSIICS systems have been adjusted and confirmed through a consensus process to align with the IOC consensus statement to facilitate translation between the two systems. Problematic areas for defining body part categories included the groin and ankle regions. For illness codes, in contrast to the ICD, we elected to have a taxonomy of 'organ system/region' (eg, cardiovascular and respiratory), followed by an 'aetiology/pathology' (eg, environmental, infectious disease and allergy). Companion data files have been produced that provide translations between the coding systems. The similar structure of coding underpinning the OSIICS and SMDCS systems aligns the new versions of these systems with the IOC consensus statement and also facilitates easier translation between the two systems. These coding systems are freely available to the sport and exercise research community.

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)).

Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.

Perfil morfológico de jugadoras profesionales de fútbol en Chile / Morphological profile of female professional soccer players in Chile

Fundamentos: En deportes colectivos como el fútbol, el conocimiento de los perfiles de los jugadores puede permitir una mejor selección y entrenamiento. El fútbol femenino, si bien comenzó en los años 70, solo en las últimas décadas ha tenido un desarrollo profesional considerable.Objetivo: describir el perfil antropométrico y somatotipo de futbolistas mujeres.Métodos: estudio descriptivo, que consistió en evaluar a 72 jugadoras del sexo femenino, pertenecientes a la Federación Chilena de Fútbol Femenino. Para la obtención y análisis del perfil morfológico de estas, se midió masa corporal, estatura de pie, estatura sentado, sumatoria de seis pliegues cutáneos y sumatoria de ocho pliegues cutáneos, según el protocolo de marcaje y medición de la Sociedad Internacional para el Desarrollo de la Cineantropometría. También fueron calculados los tres componentes del somatotipo de Heath-Carter por cada posición de juego.Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel de masa corporal, estura, sumatoria de seis y ocho pliegues, pero sí en la variable estatura sentado (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas a niveles absolutos y relativos de masa muscular y adiposa, pero sí en la masa ósea relativa (p<0,05). El 66,7 por ciento de las jugadoras presentó un mesomorfismo como componente principal.Conclusión: en todas las categorías predominó el somatotipo mesomórfico, y existen diferencias significativas en la composición corporal entre categorías, por ello sería importante considerar estrategias específicas para cada una de ellas a fin de optimizar el rendimiento deportivo de las atletas(AU)

Foundation: In team sports as soccer, knowing the player´s profiles may allow a better choice and training. Female soccer, even though it started in the 70´s, only in the last decades it has had a considerable development.Objective: to describe the anthropometric and somatotype of soccer female players.Methods: descriptive study which consisted on evaluating 72 female soccer players pertaining to the Chilean Female Soccer Federation. For obtaining and analyzing their morphologic profile, their body mass, standing height, sitting height, the total sum of six cutaneous folders and eight cutaneous folders were measured according to the protocol of marking and measuring of the International Society for developing Cineanthropometry. There were also calculated the three components of Health-Carter somatotype for each game position.Results: There were not found significant differences of body mass, height, total of six and eight cutaneous folders, there were in the variable sitting height (p<0,05). There were not significant differences at absolute and relative levels of adipose and body mass but there was in relative bone mass (p<0, 05). The 66, 7 percent of the players showed a mesomorphism as the main component.Conclusion: Mesomorphic somatotype predominated in all categories and there are significant differences among categories. That is why it is necessary to consider specific strategies for each of them aiming at optimizing the athletes sport output(AU)

Classification of Prevention in Sports Medicine and Epidemiology.

It is today recognized that a large share of manifestations of ill health associated with sports participation is preventable and that a focus should be on implementation of effective prevention programs. One hindrance for implementation of effective preventive measures in sports medicine may be that an update of preventive frameworks to the current health challenges has not been performed. We introduce classifications of prevention that are adjusted to the health challenges faced by sports participants in the present day. To enable more precise characterizations of preventive measures, we find it necessary to describe them in two dimensions. In one dimension, pathological developments in the body are used as a basis for classification of preventive measures, while the other dimension classifies prevention on the grounds of epidemiological risk indicators. We conclude that longitudinal research combining diagnostic procedures, surveillance, and targeted interventions is needed to enable the introduction of prevention programs for athletes in the beginning of their sporting career at the pre-diagnostic stage, as well as suitable prevention measures for the adult elite athletes. A more distinct classification of prevention supports a specific and cost-effective planning and translation of sports injury prevention and safety promotion adjusted to the delivery settings, various injury types, and different groups of athletes. The present classifications constitute an additional conceptual foundation for such efforts.

Scientific advances in science bibliometric data Basketball: 1990-2015

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Coding sports injury surveillance data: has version 10 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System improved the classification of sports medicine diagnoses?

OBJECTIVES: To compare versions 8 and 10 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) to determine whether the revised version of OSICS has improved its use in a sports medicine setting, and to assess the inter-rater reliability of OSICS-10. METHODS: Injury surveillance data, gathered over a 2 year period in professional football, cricket and rugby union to produce 335 diagnoses, were coded with both OSICS-8 and OSICS-10. Code-diagnosis agreement was assessed for OSICS-8 in terms of whether a diagnosis was codeable or noncodeable, and for OSICS-10 by evaluating the highest available OSICS-10 tier of coding. Eight clinicians coded a list of 20 diagnoses, comprising a range of pathologies to all gross anatomical regions, which were compared to assess inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: All diagnoses could be assigned an appropriate code with OSICS-10, compared with 87% of diagnoses that could be assigned an OSICS-8 code. Contusions comprised almost half of OSICS-8 noncodeable diagnoses. OSICS-10 tier 2 codes accounted for 20% of diagnoses coded with the updated system. Of these 20%, almost half contained a more detailed diagnosis that did not have an available OSICS-10 tier 3 or 4 code. Inter-rater reliability increased with decreasing diagnostic detail, with an overall level shown to be moderate (k = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: OSICS-10 is a more encompassing system than OSICS-8 to use in classifying sports medicine diagnoses, and has a moderate level of inter-rater reliability. Further minor revision may be required to address lack of detail in some strain, effusion and contusion codes.

El sistema de clasificación y codificación OSICS-10 traducido del inglés / The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) Version 10

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Feasibility of a classification system for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and sports therapy interventions for mobility and self-care in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of a classification system developed to record the contents of treatment sessions intended to improve mobility and self-care by persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) in clinical rehabilitation. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Three Dutch SCI facilities. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=36) as well as physical therapists (n=20), occupational therapists (n=14), and sports therapists (n=2). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires to assess the clarity of the classification system, time needed to record 1 treatment session, and the distribution of categories and interventions. The classification system consisted of 28 categories at 3 levels of functioning: basic functions (eg, muscle power), basic activities (eg, transfers), and complex activities (eg, walking and moving around outside). RESULTS: Therapists used 1625 codes to record 856 treatment sessions of 142 patients. For 93% of the treatment sessions, the coding caused little or no doubt. The therapists were able to classify 86.3% of the treatment sessions within 3 minutes. The classification system was rated as useful and easy to use. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the suitability of our classification system as a tool to record the contents of SCI treatment sessions in different settings and by different therapists.

¿Una luz al final del camino? / Light at the end of the road?

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Estudio de la cadena cinética del lanzamiento en salto en balonmano femenino ante situaciones de colaboración entre las defensoras y la portera / Study of the Kinetic chain of throwing during jump in collaborative situations between defenders and the goalkeeper in women handball

En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el comportamiento de la cadena cinética del lanzamiento de balonmano ante situaciones de colaboración defensa-portero. Cuatro mujeres participaron de forma voluntaria en el presente estudio. Todas las jugadoras realizaron 60 lanzamientos en 3 condiciones tácticas (CT) distintas. Se grabó y digitalizó cada uno de los intentos en 3D a través del software Kinescan v.1.1 Se hallaron los descriptivos y diferencias de medias en función de CT. Los resultados muestran una cadena cinética, con un patrón secuencial. Estos datos confirman los estudios previos realizados en jugadoras femeninas y difieren de los hallados en jugadores de categoría masculina. Asimismo, nuestro experimento muestra que las CT no modifican la cadena cinética secuencial. Sin embargo, sí hemos observado la existencia de diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en las velocidades máximas de los marcadores en función de CT (AU)

The kinetic chain has been studied in handball throws with defender-goalkeeper cooperative work/situation. Four women volunteered for the present study. The test consisted in sixty throws with three different tactical conditions (CT). All the results were recorded and digitalized (3D) with the Kinescan v. 1.1 program. Descriptive analysis and differences according to CT were studied. The kinetic chain followed a sequential pattern in the throws. These results are similar to other studies with female handball players but different to those studied in male counterparts. Similarly, our study shows that the kinetic chain sequence is not changed by CT. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in maximum throws velocity according to CT (AU)

Causas de absentismo en educación física en ESO / Causes of absenteeism to Physical Education clases in Secondary Schools

Fundamento: El presente estudio valora la incidencia de las lesiones invalidantes en las clases de Educación Física en los alumnos de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Se registran la no participación y sus causas en 38 grupos (926 alumnos) de 1º y 3º de ESO de la Comunidad de Madrid durante un mes del curso escolar. Resultados: Aparecen 8 (0,86%) alumnos lesionados en Educación Física y 31 (3,35%) alumnos lesionados fuera de las clases de Educación Física. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran la escasa incidencia de lesiones invalidantes producidas durante las clases de Educación Física, frente al número total de participaciones en clase. Las faltas de asistencia e inactividad debidas a enfermedades comunes y a lesiones producidas en actividades fuera de la clase de Educación Física superan a las producidas en las clases (AU)

Background: This research tries to evaluate the incidence of disabling injuries during Physical Education (PE) classes in Secondary school students living in the Autonomous Region of Madrid. Methods: A total of 925 students (38 classes) attending grades 1 to 3 in Secondary Schools participated in the study. During one month, all events related to attendance or absence were analysed. Results: There was an 0.86% (8 students) injury incidence in PE classes compared to a 3.35% (31 students) injury incidence outside the PE classes. Conclusion: The results show a low injury incidence during PE classes at school. School non- attendance due to common diseases and injuries occurred during PE classes was in a relationship 4:1 (AU)

El ejercicio físico en agua caliente reduce el dolor pero no el número de puntos sensibles de mujeres con fibromialgia: un ensayo clínico randomizado / Exercise in warm water decreases pain but no the number of tender points in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial

Introducción: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de 8 meses de ejercicio físico en agua caliente sobre el dolor de mujeres con fibromialgia (FM). Métodos: treinta y tres pacientes fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: un grupo de ejercicio (n=17), que realizó 3 sesiones semanales de 60 minutos de ejercicio físico; y un grupo de control (n=16), que continuó realizando sus actividades habituales de la vida diaria. El dolor fue evaluado usando las dimensiones de dolor del Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnarie (FIQ) y Short Form 36 (SF-36). También se evaluó el número de puntos gatillo. Resultados: después de 8 meses de ejercicio físico fueron observadas mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental respecto al grupo de control en las dimensiones de “dolor” del FIQ (9%; p=0.040) y “dolor corporal” del SF-36 (58%; p=0.001). El número de puntos sensibles no mostró ningún cambio significativo. Conclusión: ocho meses de ejercicio físico en agua caliente fue un tratamiento efectivo para reducir el dolor en mujeres con FM. Sin embargo, el programa de ejercicio físico no tuvo efectos positivos en la reducción del número de puntos sensibles (AU)

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 months of physical exercise in warm water on pain in female with fibromialgia (FM). Methods: thirty three patients with FM were randomly assigned into two groups: an exercise group (n = 17), who performed 3 weekly sessions for 60 minutes of physical exercise; and a control group (n=16), who continued their habitual daily activities without exercising. The pain was assessed by means of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnarie (FIQ) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). The number of tender points were also assessed. Results: after 8 months of physical exercise significant improvements in the exercise group were observed compared to the control group in the dimensions of “pain” (FIQ) (9%; p=0.040) and “body pain” (SF-36) (58%; p=0.001). The number tender points did not show any significant change. Conclusion: eight months of physical exercise in warm water was an effective treatment to decrease the pain in women with FM. However, the physical exercise program was not effective in decreasing the number of tender points (AU)

La producción científica en cineantropometría: datos de referencia de composición corporal y somatotipo / The scientific production in kinanthropometry: reference data of body composition and somatotype

Se ha realizado una recopilación de valores de composicióncorporal y somatotipo de las publicaciones españolas desdeel año 1984 hasta el 2005, recogidas de las Revistas Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, Apunts Medicina de l'Esport, Apunts Educació Física, Selección, Habilidad Motriz, Red, así como datos de las comunicaciones de los Congresos de FEMEDE. El objetivo es poner a disposición de interesados en el Área de la Cineantropometrfa datos de porcentajes grasos, sumatorios de pliegues de grasa y componentes del somatotipo. Se han catalogado 100 trabajos de los cuales 66, son aportaciones descriptivas de variables de composición corporal (% de grasa, por varias ecuaciones como Faulkner, Carter, Sloan, Yuhasz) y valores de los componentes del somatotipo: Endomorfia, Mesomorfia y Ectomorfia , en diversas modalidades deportivas. Otras 34 publicaciones hacen referencia a aspectos relacionados con la Cineantropometrfa y la función (metodología, cualidades físicas, etc) o bien estudios antropométricos en grupos especiales( escolares, tercera edad, mujeres). Se presentan tablas de datos antropométricos de composición corporal, somatotipo de Heath-Carter, Sumatorios de 4 y 6 pliegues, en diferentes deportes y modalidades

It has been carried out a summary of different values of body composition and somatotype of the Spanish publications from year 1984 to 2005, of several journals: Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, Apunts Medicina de l'Esport, Apunts Educació Física, Selección, Habilidad Motriz, Red, as well references in FEMEDE meetings. The aim of this review was to output reference data regarding to fat percentage , skinfold proflles and somatotype components to anyone interested in kinanthropometry. One hundred publications in a wide sport modalities have been classified; out of which 66 are body composition variables descriptive contributions; (fat percentage, for several equations described by Faulkner, Carter, Sloan, Yuhasz) and somatotype components: endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy. Other 34 publications refer to aspects related to kinanthropometry and function (methodology, physical fitness, etc) and special population (scholars, elderlyand women). A wide range of anthropometric values are introduced, fat percentage, it is included Heath-Carter Somatotype and skinfold proflles for 4 and 6 skinfolds, in several sports and modalities

La medicina del deporte en Cataluña: estado actual / Sports Medicine in Catalonia: State of the art

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Efectos de la suplementación con beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutarato (HMB) sobre el daño muscular consecutivo a esfuerzo físico / Effects of HMB supplementation on muscle damage after exercise

Las exigencias físicas de ciertos tipos de deporte y pautas de entrenamiento plantean la necesidad de recurrir al uso de suplementos nutricionales que garanticen un adecuado recambio de aquellas sustancias sometidas a una alta tasa catabólica. El β-hidroxi -β-metilbutarato (HMB) ha demostrado poseer un efecto ergogénico sobre el rendimiento deportivo y prácticamente ningún efecto perjudicial sobre la salud del atleta. La suplementación con HMB pretende, en su aplicación más práctica y conociendo su poder anticatabólico, ayudar al deportista de alto nivel o al deportista poco entrenado a recuperar después de un ejercicio estresante obteniendo un grado de recuperación óptimo para emprender nuevas sesiones de actividad física y/o deportiva específica con el menor daño acumulado en su organismo (AU)

Most of the sport modalities and current training patterns demand high physiological, psycological, tecnical and tactical qualities from the athletes. There is a need for an optimal turnover of those substances with high catabolic rate. Several nutritional ergogenic aids can contribute to optimize these processes. In this sense, β-hydroxi- β-methylbutarate (HMB) has been proposed to have an ergogenic effect on athletic performance without having practically any adverse effect on the athlete’s health. This article reviews the literature about HMB in regard to mechanisms of action, effects on trained and non-trained subjects, optimal dose, and future research. In both highly-and low-trained subjects, HMB supplementation seems to contribute to a better recovery after hard training. This effect can contribute to decrease the accumulative effect on muscle damage caused by daily training sessions (AU)

Epidemiología de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas mayores físicamente activas: estudio de los lípidos en prevención primaria / Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly people: blood lipid research in primary prevention

Este estudio pretende determinar la prevalencia de factores mayores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de personas físicamente activas, entre 50 y 80 años que realizan actividad física aeróbica 90 minutos por sesión, tres días a la semana. El estudio se ha realizado con 283 personas controladas físicamente según los parámetros de la American Heart Association, realizando extracciones de sangre en un laboratorio homologado. Se han controlado los factores de riesgo que pueden desencadenar enfermedad cardiovascular como son el tabaquismo, la presión arterial elevada, el cHDL bajo, el colesterol total y cLDL elevado, la diabetes mellitus y la edad avanzada. El 89% de los hombres y el 95% de las mujeres del estudio son no fumadores o ex fumadores de más de 5 años. El 36% de los hombres y el 33,58% de las mujeres eran hipertensos . El 34,27% de la muestra estudiada tenía el colesterol total por debajo de 200 mg/dl, el 21,20% lo tenía entre 200 y 220 mg/dl, el 24,73% entre 221 y 250 y el 19,80% a mas de 250 mg/dl. La combinación de fibrinógeno y colesterol elevado que indica riesgo cardiovascular alto sólo se ha detectado en un 0,71 % de la muestra La suma de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, correlacionados con la edad y evaluados por el método de Framingham indica que casi el 27% de la población estudiada presenta un factor alto de riesgo cardiovascular. El grupo estudiado, al ser físicamente activo, presenta una disminución de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular comparándolo con otras poblaciones de similares características pero de hábitos sedentarios. La correcta catalogación de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular a partir de los 50 años nos ayudará a prevenir el riesgo y paliar sus consecuencias (AU)

The study tries to determine the prevalence of mayor cardiovascular risk factors in a group of physically active people, aged 50 to 80. The study was performed in a group of 283 people who regularly practiced 90 minutes of aerobic training three days per week. Following the instructions of the American Heart Association, the following parameters were analysed: smoking, high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, and advanced age 89% of the men and 95% were non-smokers or ex-smokers for more than 5 years. 36% of the men and 33.6% of the women had hypertension. 34.3% of the people had total cholesterol levels below 200 mg/dl, 21.2% between 200 and 220 mg/dl, 24.7% between 221 and 250 mg/dl, and 19.8% above 250 mg/dl. The combination of high colesterol and fibrinogen, that indicates high cardiovascular risk, was detected in only 0.7% of the sample. The correlation of the sum of cardiovascular risk factors with age analysed by the Framingham Method indicates that almost 27% of the subjects present a high risk for cardiovascular disease. The studied group, most probably because of their regular physical activity, shows a lower risk of cardiovascular disease as their less active counterparts. The correct cataloging of cardiovascular risk factors in adults aged 50 years and more is important to prevent the risk and mitigate its consequences (AU)

Estudio epidemiológico en voley y fútbol playa / Epidemiology of beach volleyball and beach soccer

Los deportes practicados en la arena están experimentando en la actualidad un gran auge, sin embargo y pese a su enorme difusión, la literatura epidemiológica en estos deportes es escasa. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un estudio epidemiológico de vóley-playa y fútbol playa en el contexto español para conocer sus necesidades y contribuir a mejorar la vida deportiva de sus jugadores. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta a 89 sujetos, 54 jugadores de vóley-playa y 35 jugadores de fútbol playa, en la cual se recogían los aspectos epidemiológicos, así como las molestias y la sensación de disconfort. Los resultados del estudio muestran que las lesiones más habituales en vóley-playa son las de tipo tendinoso o ligamentoso (36%). Siendo las lesiones dermatológicas en fútbol playa las que presentan mayor incidencia (36%). Por zonas corporales, el pie y el tobillo son, en ambos deportes, las partes que sufren un mayor índice de lesión, la mayoría dermatológicas. La falta de protección de los pies y la ausencia de criterios para caracterizar la arena pueden ser dos razones de todo lo anterior. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que una buena protección para los pies así como el estudio de la arena son aspectos fundamentales para prevenir y minimizar las lesiones en estos deportes (AU)

In the last years beach sports are becoming more popular, although not many epidemiological studies can be found in the scientific literature. The aim of this paper consists of an epidemiological study focused in Spanish beach volley and beach soccer players, in order to analyze the player’s needs and improve several aspects of those sports. 89 subjects took part in the survey, 54 beach volley players and 35 beach soccer players. Epidemiological and personal data were gathered. Tendon and ligament injuries (36%) are the most common in beach volley. In beach soccer dermatological are the most common injuries (36%). In both sports foot and ankle are the anatomical zones that suffer the higher injury rate; it must be highlighted that the majority are of dermatological nature. The lack of foot protection and the lack of knowledge to characterize the sand are possible reasons for it. To conclude, a good sport gear to protect foot and ankle and a deep study of the sport surface (sand) is deemed necessary to prevent and reduce injury rate in both sports (AU)

Cineantropometría: Composición corporal y somatotipo de futbolistas que desarrollan su actividad física en equipos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid / Kinanthropometry: Body composition and somatotype of football players whose physical activity is performed in teams of the Autonomous Region of Madrid

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Ejercicio físico aeróbico como herramienta para la mejora del dolor lumbar / Aerobic physical exercise as a tool for improving low back pain

El ejercicio físico aeróbico está ampliamente justificado como recomendación para prevenir o complementar el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares o de sus factores de riesgo asociados. Teniendo en cuenta que el dolor lumbar es una de las patologías más frecuentes de la población adulta y causante de un alto número de bajas laborales, se considera oportuno exponer algunos de los múltiples beneficios que aporta el ejercicio físico aeróbico en personas que padecen problemas de espalda, el cual se puede utilizar como herramienta para mejorar dichas algias (AU)

Aerobic physical exercise is highly justified as a recommendation to prevent or to complement the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or its associated risk factors. Considering that lumbar pain is one of the most frequent pathologies among adult population causing a great number of sick leaves, it could be necessary to get deeper into some of the multiple benefits that aerobic physical exercise provides people who suffer from bakc pain, as it can be used as a complementary medical treatment (AU)